Definitely looks like a spam campaign. So far all accounts signed up from the same ISP. Here's a script you can paste in your rails console to find all users from IP ranges belonging to that ISP (assuming I didn't miss any):
To get to the rails console, run this in /home/mastodon/live as the mastodon user:
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails c
You might also want to temporarily ban those IP ranges if the sign-ups don't stop. I did.